IPRsonline.org

General texts on intellectual property rights

IPRs, biodiversity loss, access & benefit sharing, prior informed consent

Intellectual property, trade and competition

Intellectual property and folklore, music and entertainment

Intellectual property and public education

Intellectual property and information and communication technologies

Intellectual property and the protection of biodiversity

Intellectual property and agriculture, food and nutrition

Intellectual property and access to medicines in developing countries

Intellectual property and foreign direct investment

Human rights aspects of intellectual property

Intellectual property and technology transfer: help or hindrance?

Intellectual property and the knowledge, innovations and practices of indigenous peoples and local communities

TRIPS, implementation and Review

ICTSD dialogues on trade, IPRs and sustainable development

Selected new stories published in BRIDGES

Discussion papers and BRIDGES articles on IPRs, trade and sustainable development

Resource Book, Policy Paper, Case Studies and Research Tools

About the UNCTAD-ICTSD project on IPRs

Related UNCTAD and ICTSD activities in this area

Setting an agenda for IP negotiations in the next five years

WIPO: Institutional functioning and relevant developments

WTO Members' Submissions on IPRs

Advancing the reform agenda

Policy Options for Assuring Affordable Access to Essential Medicines

Preserving Public Goods in health, education and learning

Intellectual Property and Free Trade Agreements

Intellectual Property and Geographical Indications

Biotechnology 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988

(Click here for documents from 2000 to 2003)

1999
Biotechnology Inventions: What Can We Learn From Patents?, 1999.
Author: D. Johnson / Wellesley College Working Paper, Department of Economics, Massachusetts, USA.

Biotechnology Patents, Markets and Morality, 1999.
Author: Peter Drahos / European Intellectual Property Review.

Cómo Pueden Utilizarse los Derechos del Agricultor para Adaptar Aquellos del Obtentor, 1999.
Authors: Bees Butler, Robin Pistorius / Monitor de Biotecnología y Desarollo, N°38, p. 38-41.

Los Acuerdos de Transferencia de Material Abrirán la Caja de Pandora?, 1999.
Author: Robin Pistorius / Monitor de Biotecnología y Desarollo, N°38, p. 17-19.

Derechos del Obtentor Crean Ganadores y Perdedores, 1999.
Author: Jeroen van Wijk / Monitor de Biotecnología y Desarollo, N°38, p. 28-32.

Ethics and transgenic crops: a review, 1999.
Author: Jonathan Robinson / EJB Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile, Vol.2, N°2..

Genetically Modified Crops: The Ethical and Social Issues, 1999.
Author: Nuffield Council on Bioethics.

Identifying the needs for managing intellectual property in Latin America, 1999.
Authors: C. Falconi, S. Salazar / Report on the Workshop held in Costa Rica on 23-24 September 1999, International Service for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR).

Intellectual property protection, biotechnology and developing countries: will the TRIPS be effective?, 1999
Authors: W.A. Kerr, J.E. Hobbs, R. Yampoin / AgBioForum, Vol. 2, N°3-4, pp. 203-211.

Intellectual Property Rights and Agricultural Biotechnology, 1999.
Author: M. Blakeney, J.I. Cohen, S. Crespi. / Managing Agricultural Biotechnology: Addressing Research Program Needs and Policy Implications.

Lo Primero Es la Semilla, Después Puede Preocuparse por las Patentes, 1999.
Author: Suri Sehgal / Monitor de Biotecnología y Desarollo, N°38, p. 36-37.

Ocho Razones por las Cuales las Patentes No Deberían Extenderse a Plantas y Animales, 1999.
Author: Lawrence Busch / Monitor de Biotecnología y Desarollo, N°38, p. 32-33.

Patentes Amplias en Biotecnología Impiden la Innovación, 1999.
Author: Jeroen van Wijk / Monitor de Biotecnología y Desarollo, N°38, p. 34-37.

Patentes, Pirateria y Falsas Promesas, 1999.
Author: Genetic Resources Action International (GRAIN).

Proteccion de la Propiedad Intelectual, 1999.
Author: John Barton / Biotecnologia para el Sector Agropecuario de los Paises en Desarrollo: Problemas y Oportunidades, Punto de Enfoque 2, Resumen 7 de 10, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), p.13.

Recommandation 1425 (1999), Biotechnologie et propriété intellectuelle, 1999.
Author: Assemblée Parlementaire, Conseil de l'Europe / Extrait de la Gazette officielle du Conseil de l’Europe - septembre 1999.

Reestructuración de la Industria Semillera en Función de los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual, 1999.
Author: Suri Sehgal / Monitor de Biotecnología y Desarollo, N°38, p. 42-43.

Technology Transfer and Licensing of Agricultural Biotechnologies in the International Arena, 1999.
Authors: K.M. Maredia, F.H. Erbisch, C.L. Ives, A.J. Fischer / AgBiotechNet, Vol. 1.

Why We Should Reject Biotech Patents from TRIPS, 1999.
Authors: Mae-Wan Ho and Terje Traavik / Institute of Science in Society.

1998
Can patents deter innovation? The anticommons in biomedical research, 1998.
Authors: M.A. Heller, R.S. Eisenberg / Science, Vol. 280, pp. 698-701.

Derechos de propiedad intelectual y flujos de Germoplasma en Centroamérica, Primera Parte, 1998.
Author: Jorge Cabrera-Medaglia / Acta Académica, Universidad Autónoma de Centro América.

Experiencias del ISNAR Respecto a los Derechos de Propiedad Intelectual y la Investigación Biotecnológica Agropecuaria, 1998.
Authors: César Falconi, John Komen y Joel Cohen / Documento preparado para el Seminario Centroamericano sobre propiedad Intelectual y su Relación con la Biotecnología y Biodiversidad, organizado por la Secretaria de Integración Económica Centroamericana (SIECA) - Proyecto de Propiedad Intelectual, San José, Costa Rica, Febrero 12-13, 1998.

Intellectual property rights and concentration in agricultural biotechnology, 1998.
Author: W. Lesser / AgBioForum, Vol. 1, N°2, pp. 56-61.

Interface between International Intellectual Property and Environmental Protection: Biodiversity and Biotechnology, 1998.
Author: Charles M.McManis / Washington University Law Quarterly, Vol. 6, N°1.

Proprietary biotechnology inputs and international agricultural research, 1998.
Authors: J.I. Cohen, C. Falconi, J. Komen, M. Blakeney / Briefing Paper, International Service for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR), N°39.

Some Ethically Problematic Aspects of the Proposal For a Directive on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions, 1998.
Author: Sigrid Sterckx / Editorial, European Intellectual Property Review, 20(4), 123-128.

The TRIPS Agreement Without a Competition Agreement?, 1998.
Authors: T. Cottier, I. Meitinger / Working Paper, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei, N° 65.

TRIPS, Biotechnology and Global Competition, 1998.
Author: G. Alam / Briefing Paper, Consumer Unity & Trust Society (CUTS), N°2.

1997
Propiedad Intelectual y Biotecnologia, 1997.
Author: Silvia Salazar / Revista Propiedad Intelectual en la Integracion Economica de Centroamerica, SIECA, Año 1, N°1.

1996.
Biodiversity, Biotechnology and Patents in Brazil,1996
Author: David Hathaway.

Intellectual Property Rights and Research Tools in Molecular Biology: Summary of a Workshop Held at the National Academy of Sciences, February 15-16, 1996, 1996.
Author: National Research Council / National Academy Press, Washington DC.

La Biotecnologia puede agravar problemas del agro, 1996.
Author: Vandana Shiva / Revista del Sur, N°52-53.

1995.
Eight reasons why patents should not be extended to plants and animals,1995
Author: L. Busch / Biotechnology and Development Monitor, N°24, p.24.

1993.
Agricultural Crop Issues and Policies. Managing global genetic resources,
Author: Board on Agriculture, National Research Council / National Academy Press, Washington DC.

Biotechnology, Indigenous Peoples and Intellectual Property Rights, 1993.
Authors: J.R. Axt, M.L. Corn, M. Lee, D.M. Ackerman / Congressional Research Service. Washington DC: The Library of Congress.

Intellectual Property Rights for Agricultural Biotechnology: Options and Implications for Developing Countries, 1993.
Authors: Jeroen van Wijk, Joel I. Cohen, John Komen / ISNAR Research Report, A Biotechnology Research Management Study, N°3.

1991.
Intellectual Property Rights and U.S.-Japan Competition in Biotechnology: Report of a Workshop,
Author: Committee on Japan, National Research Council / Workshop held on 18 January 1991, National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC.

1990.
Patent Protection for Animals; Once-Mouse/Harvard,
Author: Volker Vossius / Case Comment, European Intellectual Property Review, 12(7), 250-254.

1988.
New Developments in Biotechnology: Field-Testing Engineered Organisms: Genetic and Ecological Issues,
Author: United States Congress – Office of Technology Assessment.